The next memory revolution: Researchers integrate DNA into electronics
Researchers from Penn State University have developed a memory component that combines synthetic DNA with a semiconductor material called perovskite. Experiments showed high energy efficiency and stability, paving the way for a new generation of extremely economical data storage devices.
Researchers from Penn State University have reported a development that bridges two seemingly distant worlds: biology and electronics. In a study published in the journal "Advanced Functional Materials", the team presented a memory component that combines synthetic DNA with a semiconductor material called perovskite. In experiments, the device successfully stored information with extremely low power consumption, potentially forming the basis for a new generation of economical data storage.
Theoretically, one gram of DNA can hold about 215 million gigabytes of data. However, integrating biological material into computer systems presents significant challenges. The researchers addressed this by using synthetic DNA—short segments specifically designed for electronic applications—and adding perovskite, a material already used in solar cells and lasers.
Kavya S. Karmana, one of the lead researchers, explained: "Biology and electronics are different fields. We needed to create a fundamentally new material platform that allows them to work together seamlessly. By combining the information storage capabilities of DNA with the electronic properties of perovskites, we have developed a biological-hybrid system that changes the way low-power memory components are designed."
The team created a memristor—a component capable of "remembering" electrical activity after the power supply is cut. This allows data storage and processing to occur in the same node, eliminating the need for constant data transfer between computer units. This approach mimics the operation of neurons, making such components promising for neuromorphic computing, which is increasingly relevant in the era of artificial intelligence.
To activate the DNA, the researchers added tiny silver particles to the structure, which improved conductivity and organized the molecular structure. Using synthetic segments allowed for precise control over length and composition, transforming DNA from a biological macromolecule into a programmable nanomaterial platform.
Tests showed the system operated stably at voltages under 0.1 volts and responded predictably to changes in current direction. The device remained functional at temperatures up to 121 degrees Celsius and maintained activity for over six weeks at room temperature. According to Bud Podel, one of the study's leaders, their device consumes 100 times less energy than traditional flash drives while offering higher storage density.
The researchers emphasized that the synergy between DNA and perovskite was essential for these results. The team now plans to refine the technology and explore further ways to integrate biological materials into electronic systems.
