Against the backdrop of escalation: difficulties in negotiations between Israel and Lebanon
In the shadow of the security escalation, contacts in Rome are encountering significant disputes, and Hezbollah is attempting to thwart the memorandum of understanding. The group is orchestrating a campaign against the Lebanese government and using explosive devices to target the local army.
On the internal front in Lebanon, Hezbollah is intensifying its media campaign against the government. The Secretary-General of the terrorist organization, Naim Qassem, accused the government in Beirut this week of providing aid to Israel. He also hinted at future challenges regarding the implementation of the framework agreement: "The direct negotiations have brought nothing to Lebanon but concessions, shame, and humiliation. What have all the rounds offered Lebanon? Israel took everything. Israel achieved political gains, but it will not achieve results on the ground as long as the resistance repels it."
This suggests the organization is working to thwart the framework agreement signed in Washington. Yesterday, Hezbollah blatantly violated the ceasefire, leading to a series of strikes in southern Lebanon. Furthermore, in recent weeks, the Lebanese army has been hit by Hezbollah explosive devices detonating on military vehicles. On July 18, a Lebanese soldier was killed and two others were wounded in Al-Mansouri. On August 2, five soldiers were wounded in the explosion of another device.
At the Alma Research Center, experts suggest these devices were not just remnants of fighting but a warning that any attempt to change the internal balance of power could come at a heavy price. Lebanese army commander Rudolph Hikal emphasized that he would prevent a slide into civil war—a goal that contradicts the disarmament of Hezbollah.
Internal tension
Lebanese officials reacted sharply to the organization's campaign. Prime Minister Najib Mikati stated that "the greatest aid to Israel came from those who dragged the country into 'support' wars and gave excuses for aggression. Those who decided on the war and are trying to usurp the state's decision are linking Lebanon to foreign considerations."
Christian Member of Parliament Sami Gemayel also criticized the organization: "Whoever doesn't like it should resign." He argued for a step-by-step approach, starting with disarmament and ending with border demarcation. "After that, what will prevent Lebanon from following the path of peace?"
"Building the state begins with full sovereignty, the exclusive right to carry weapons, and the authority to decide on war and peace. The language of intimidation does not build a state but only deepens division," added Sunni Member of Parliament Fouad Makhzoumi. While the barrier of fear in the public arena seems broken, it remains to be seen if these promises will translate into action.
Meanwhile, the round of direct negotiations between Israel and Lebanon in Rome ends today after three days of discussions. While the Americans are interested in presenting real progress, Lebanese officials express concern that the process will enter a stalemate due to Israeli elections and the gap in positions.
"Stop the explosions"
According to Lebanese sources, the Beirut delegation raised several demands, primarily concerning new pilot zones for IDF withdrawal, such as Al-Khiam and Bint Jbeil in the Nabatieh district (the "yellow zone"). They also proposed stopping controlled explosions, suggesting that Hezbollah facilities be transferred to the Lebanese army or that tunnels be filled with cement.
Conversely, the Israeli side is waiting to see if existing pilot zones are truly demilitarized of Hezbollah infrastructure. This requires an agreement on a verification mechanism. Lebanon proposes alternatives without direct IDF involvement: UNIFIL, a UN monitoring mechanism, or a third party chosen with US consent, such as Italy. There is significant doubt whether such bodies, which have demonstrated negligence in the past, can be trusted.
Long-term goal
Furthermore, the Lebanese side is seeking to address the demarcation of the land border. Over the years, Beirut has raised 13 reservations regarding the line from Rosh HaNikra to Metula, excluding Mount Dov and northern Ghajar. Although this issue currently seems secondary, for Beirut, it remains a long-term goal. Israel is currently objecting even to withdrawals in the "yellow zone."
