To prevent collapse, the IDF is attempting a revolution in human resources: data, moves, and concerns

Of the many controversial concepts the IDF has held over the years, the "small and smart army" model was the most criticized. Its final burial took place on the morning of October 7, 2023. Previously, under pressure from governments seeking budget cuts, the IDF relied on a small, high-tech regular force supplemented by reserves. While effective in short conflicts, this model proved insufficient for the multi-front, years-long "Iron Swords" war.

A Revolution in Force Building

Under Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir, the IDF is undergoing a major revolution. Since the October 7 massacre, the combat array of regular and reserve forces has grown by tens of percent. This has resulted in more battalions, brigades, and reserve frameworks holding borders and sectors. The paradox remains: this expansion is occurring while the IDF reports a shortage of approximately 12,000 soldiers, including 7,500 combatants.

The IDF has shifted its focus toward better retention and efficient use of existing human resources. The Gaza Division, for instance, has expanded from two territorial brigades and four battalions to two division headquarters, five brigades, and 16 battalions. Similar expansions have occurred on the northern border and the Jordan Valley, where the new "HaGilad" Division was established.

The Reserve Challenge

The reserve system is perhaps the most critical lesson of the war. Since October 2023, the reserve pool has grown by 36% through the cancellation of exemptions and the mobilization of volunteers, bringing over 100,000 people back into service. However, this has led to severe burnout, with some reservists serving up to 600 days in under three years, causing significant personal and professional damage.

The Haredi Recruitment Issue

To man new regular battalions, more recruits are needed. This year, the number of Haredi recruits is expected to rise from 2,800 to 4,300. However, only about 900 are projected to enter combat roles, as most prefer technological tracks. The IDF is working to gain legitimacy within the Haredi community, recognizing that recruitment must be a matter of consensus to be sustainable.

Preparation and Future Outlook

Motivation for combat service is rising. Programs like "Haznek" provide mental and physical preparation for thousands of teenagers before they reach the induction center. Currently, 42,000 teenagers are undergoing some form of pre-military training, with a target of 60,000.

Despite these efforts, Chief of Staff Zamir has warned the cabinet that without immediate solutions to manpower shortages and soldier burnout, the IDF faces internal collapse. The state demands increased operational capacity but has yet to provide the necessary budget or manpower policies. The lesson of "Iron Swords" is clear: quantity and quality are both essential. The IDF requires an effective recruitment law, a regulated reserve system, and a firm decision on the duration of compulsory service to protect the state.